What is JSON?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight, text-based data format used to exchange structured data between systems. It originated in JavaScript but is now language-independent and supported by virtually every modern programming language.

A JSON document is built from a small set of building blocks:

Objects: unordered collections of key-value pairs wrapped in {}
Arrays: ordered lists of values wrapped in []
Primitives: strings, numbers, booleans, and null

Here is a minimal example representing a single user record:

{
  "id": 42,
  "name": "Ada Lovelace",
  "active": true
}

The core value types and their typical use cases are summarized below.

Type	Example	Typical use
string	"hello"	Names, labels, free text
number	3.14	IDs, counts, measurements
boolean	true	Flags, feature toggles

JSON is widely used for REST API payloads, configuration files, and persisting application state because it is easy to read, easy to parse, and supported everywhere.